Akadémia Kiadó

Economic anthropology of the raspberry-producing area on Börzsöny region. My research fucused on an interdiscipliner - ethnography, cultural ecology, social and economic anthropology, economic history - examination of a very recent producing area consisted of at least 40 settlements. The first question is what conditions (geographic -, ecologic - and historic environment, economic tradition, local surviving tactics and strategies) was needed to develop the institute-structure of producing area in the 20th century. The second question is how changed the economic mentality and the value-system on the local level. I concluded that, although the raspberry-producing is corollary of the economic crisisses (phylloxera in the end of the 19th century, modification of the state-border in 1920, etc.), traditional ("peasant-type") production for the market is a surviving practice from time to time on Börzsöny region. Cultural pattern of these producers based on the ideal of multiactivity. On one hand they have remained peasants (family small-producing on the own land, moral economy, reciprocity, self-sufficiency, etc.), on the other hand they still agricultural entrepreneurs or employments. This duality is the main feature of their economic strategy as well as their mentality. Raspberry-producing fits into this structure well. Summing up what has been said the local society in Nógrád continues the „third way", which means they choose the same economic strategy they think before the '90-s in. In spite of the fact that the government policy handled the agrarian reform and the rural problem as a political question, thus they wanted a total transformation, basically the local societies continue the way of socialist entrepreneurs. In consequence of interrupted social and economical evolution it is impossible to return to precollectivised social and economical structure. And we have also difficulties to create the conditions for a capitalist, monocultured and profit-orientated full-time rural family economy. It is possible just in a longer period.